What is a US Nautical Mile?
The US nautical mile is based on the international nautical mile, which was agreed at the First International Extraordinary Hydrographic Conference in Monaco in 1929. The length was set at 1,852 meters, close to one minute of latitude. The Earth is not a perfect sphere, so a minute of latitude varies slightly with latitude, but for practical purposes the US nautical mile is a fixed value.
Speed over water is measured in knots, one knot being one nautical mile per hour, so 10 knots is 18.52km/h. The US only adopted the 1,852 meter nautical mile in 1954 – it previously used a slightly longer one.
What is a micrometer?
A micrometer (µm; micrometre outside the US) is 0.000001 meters. The µ is the Greek letter mu, the SI symbol for the prefix micro.
A micrometer is a millionth of a meter, the scale of things you need a microscope for. A red blood cell is about 7 micrometers across and a human hair about 70.
The unit shares its name with the micrometer screw gauge, the hand tool for measuring small parts. That usually reads to 0.01mm, which is 10 micrometers, so the micrometer mostly doesn't measure in micrometers.