Calories (thermoc.)
A thermochemical calorie (cal_th) is defined as exactly 4.184 joules. It is roughly the energy needed to warm one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
Calories (mean)
A mean calorie is a unit of energy that was historically used to quantify the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius, approximately equal to 4.184 joules.